Tooth sensitivity is a common dental issue that affects millions of people worldwide. If you’ve ever felt a sudden, sharp pain from hot, cold, sweet, or acidic food or drinks - or even just breathing in cold air - you may be experiencing tooth sensitivity. While the discomfort can range from mild to intense, the good news is that tooth sensitivity is manageable and often preventable.
What Is Tooth Sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentine hypersensitivity, occurs when the underlying dentine layer of the tooth (underneath the outer enamel layer) is exposed. Dentine contains microscopic tubules that lead directly to the nerve endings inside your teeth. These tubules are filled with fluid, which move along the tubules (kind of like hydraulics) when exposed to certain stimuli.. This movement is what triggers the discomfort.
Common Causes of Tooth Sensitivity
Worn Tooth Enamel
Over-brushing with a hard-bristled toothbrush or using abrasive toothpaste can erode enamel over time.
Acidic foods and beverages can also wear down enamel, a process known as “erosion,” especially when consumed frequently.
Gum Recession
Receding gums expose the root surfaces of teeth, which are not protected by enamel. This process can happen due to gum disease, excessive plaque build-up or from brushing too aggressively.
Tooth Decay or Cracked Teeth
Cavities or cracks can expose dentine or reach the inner pulp (nerve), causing increased sensitivity.
Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)
Chronic grinding or clenching can wear down enamel and cause microfractures in teeth.
Post-Dental Procedure Sensitivity
Some people may experience temporary sensitivity after fillings, crowns, or teeth whitening treatments.
Managing and Treating Tooth Sensitivity
Use Desensitising Toothpaste
These toothpastes contain compounds (such as potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride) that help block pain signals from the nerve.
Switch to a Soft-Bristled Toothbrush and use the correct technique.
A soft brush and gentle technique can protect enamel and gums from further damage. As Dr Vickers says - “think “circles, rather than scrubbing” (an electric toothbrush will often do this for you.
Avoid Acidic Foods and Drinks
Minimize consumption of citrus fruits, soda, wine, and vinegar-based products.
If you do consume them, rinse with water afterward and wait 30 minutes before brushing.
Maintain Good Oral Hygiene
Brush twice a day and floss daily to prevent plaque buildup and gum disease.
Consider fluoride mouth rinses to strengthen enamel.
Wear a Night Guard
If you grind your teeth at night, a custom mouthguard can protect your teeth from further wear.
Professional Dental Treatments
Your dentist may recommend fluoride varnishes, dental composite resin bonding, or sealants to cover exposed dentin.
In severe cases, a root canal may be necessary to treat the underlying nerve pain.
When to See a Dentist
While occasional sensitivity may not be a cause for alarm, persistent or worsening pain should prompt a visit to your dentist. It could indicate an underlying issue like decay, a cracked tooth, or gum disease that needs prompt attention.
Final Thoughts
Tooth sensitivity can impact your daily comfort and quality of life, but it doesn't have to be a permanent problem. Understanding the causes and adopting the right oral care habits can go a long way in relieving discomfort and preventing further damage. Regular dental checkups are also key to keeping your teeth and gums healthy, pain-free, and functioning at their best.
If you’re experiencing tooth sensitivity, don’t ignore it—speak with your dentist and take steps today to manage it!
